HPV 16-Associated Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Women: A six-case series
Keywords:
anal cancer, anal cytology , anal screening, high-risk HPVAbstract
Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare neoplasm, the incidence of which has increased especially in women, and is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly genotype 16.
Objective: To report the clinical characteristics of a group of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus genotype 6 infection.
Clinical Cases: We present six cases of women diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus genotype 16 infection. The average age was 60.7 years, and none of the patients had received HPV vaccination. A personal history of cervical conization was present in half of the cases. The most common presentation was a long-standing anal mass. Treatment ranged from surgery to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Conclusions: Human papillomavirus genotype 16 is associated with the development of anal cancer in unvaccinated women after age 40 with an anal mass.
Downloads
References
Martel D, Georges C, Bray D, Ferlay F, Clifford J. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis [Internet]. Lancet Glob Health. 2020; 8(2):e180–90. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30488-7
English KJ. Anal carcinoma – exploring the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment [Internet]. World J Exp Med. 2024; 14(3):98525. DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i3.98525
Muñoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S, Herrero R, Castellsagué X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer [Internet]. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(6):518–27. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021641
Diefenthäler VL, Zanella JFP, Coser J. Screening anal cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS / Rastreamento do câncer anal em mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS [Internet]. Journal of Coloproctology. 2018; 38(03):233-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2018.01.001
Proctor L, Grennan T, Albert A, Miller D, Sadownik L, Lee M. Detection of anal cancer in women with a history of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vulva [Internet]. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2019; 23(4):265–71. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000490
Palefsky JM, Lee JY, Jay N, Goldstone SE, Darragh TM, Dunlevy HA, et al. Treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to prevent anal cancer [Internet]. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386(24):2273–82. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201048
Schiffman M, Clifford G, Buonaguro FM. Classification of weakly carcinogenic human papillomavirus types: addressing the limits of epidemiology at the borderline [Internet]. Infect Agents Cancer. 2009; 4(1):8. DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-8
Espirito Santo I, Kefleyesus A, Chilou C, Faes S, Clerc D, Hübner M, et al. Detection of anal cancer: 10 years' experience in a specialized outpatient clinic [Internet]. Cancers (Basel). 2025; 17(2):193. DOI: 10.3390/cancers17020193
Matas Barceló I, Martí C, Rodríguez L, Torné A, del Pino M. Ácido tricloroacético vs Imiquimod en el tratamiento de mujeres con lesiones anales HSIL/AIN: efectividad y tolerancia [Internet]. Asociación Española de Patología Cervical y Colposcopia (AEPCC); 2021. [acceso: 22/08/2025]. Disponible en: https://aepcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2021_AEPCC_Investiga_ Acido_Trcloro.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Neith Ortega Pérez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
