Mesenchymal placental dysplasia

Abstract

Introduction: Mesenchymal placental dysplasia is a rare and unknown disease characterized by a placenta increased in size that presents multiple anechoic vacuoles inside which can be observed by ultrasonography; also an increase in the alphaprotein and fetal alterations which their main differential diagnosis must be made with the molar pregnancy.
Objective: Present a rare case in the obstetric practice.
Presentation of the case: It is presented a clinical case that happened in Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain, in January, 2018. The patient is a pregnant women that in her first gestational ecographic control at 12 weeks of pregnancy was observed a placenta with the characteristics of mesenchymal dysplasia. She was referred to the Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis to complete the study: it was ruled out any fetal genetic anomaly. Subsequently, the fetus developed a restriction in the intrauterine growth, and finally, in spite of the follow up, an antepartum fetal death occurred in the week 32 of pregnancy.
Conclusions: Mesenchymal placental dysplasia is a rare and unknown entity whose prenatal diagnostic is complex; but there must be a clinical and echographic suspicion, in order to identify it and to carry out an adequate follow-up of the pregnancy.