Preconception risk factors of intrauterine growth restriction epidemiology

Abstract

Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction is determined by major and minor preconception risk factors.

Objective: to determine the epidemiology of preconception risk factors of intrauterine growth restriction.

Methods: it was carried out an observational, analytical, longitudinal and retrospective investigation, a series of cases from forty-seven pregnant women with a history of intrauterine growth restriction, according to the database of the Maternal and Child Program in Banes, Holguín province during the year 2022, and by intentional non-probabilistic sampling, resulted in the study sample. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. The statistics Pearson's Chi square, Odd Ratio (OR), were used and including p and confidence interval. The variables were operationalized: age, determining cause, major and minor preconceptional risk factors.

Results: the age groups with the highest incidence were 15-19 years (25.5%) and 30-34 years (23.5%). Preeclampsia (25.5% X²=22.5), vaginal sepsis (19.1% X²=19.1) and diabetes mellitus (17% X²=40.8) were determining causes of restriction and expressed significant statistical association. The major preconception risk factors stand out: arterial hypertension (19.1%), diabetes mellitus (8.5%) and a history of restriction (6.3%). Nulliparity (25.5%), and a body mass index greater than 28.6 were the minor preconception factors with the highest incidence. All preconceptional risk factors expressed significant statistical association for intrauterine growth restriction (p≤0.05).

Conclusions: Intrauterine growth restriction is determined by minor preconceptional factors, with incidence of complex diseases at extreme ages of life.