Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Diabetic Pregnant Women Who Required Insulin Treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus represents a risk factor for pregnant women and a health problem for the offspring.
Objectives: Identify maternal and perinatal outcomes in diabetic pregnant women who received insulin treatment.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted at Mariana Grajales Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital in Villa Clara, Cuba from January 2013 to December 2014. A hundred-eleven (11) gestational and pre-gestational diabetic patients with insulin treatment non-probabilistically formed the sample.
Results: Gestational diabetes predominated (58 % of cases) compared to pre-gestational diabetes (42 %). The first group achieved good metabolic control. The majority of the patients had newborns weighing 2 500 g to 4 199 g, with fetal macrosomia only in 17.1 % of the total patients. Hypertensive disorders and vaginal infection were the most representative maternal complications. The most frequent perinatal complication was preterm delivery, although there was no statistical significance.
Conclusions: There was a predominance of gestational diabetes mellitus in more than half of the sample. This group turned out to be the one with the best metabolic control with respect to pre-gestational control. Hypertensive disorders and vaginal infection were the most representative complications and preterm birth resulted in a higher incidence in the sample. The newborns of adequate weight predominated.