Cardiovascular Diseases in Pregnant Women at Máximo Gómez Báez University Polyclinic in Holguin, Cuba

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and puerperium. Studies show that one percent of pregnant women suffer from some type of heart disease.
Objectives: To identify the most frequent types of heart disease in a community of pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 to February 2017, based on heart diseases associated with pregnancy. The study was constructed on the simple randomized method. Surveys, interviews and document consultation were used as a tool for a universe of 78 non-probabilistic cardiac patients in outpatient care at Máximo Gómez Báez University Polyclinic. The collected data was processed by the mathematical-percentage method.
Results: The study analyzed 45 pregnant women carriers of cardiopathies. 57.1% ranged the ages 15 to 19 years as significant data. We found predominant heart diseases acquired over congenital heart disease in 84.4%. The prolapse of the mitral valve stood out in 26.66%, heart failure was the main complication detected in 44.4%. This study showed the evolution of the functional grade of the cardiac patients in the different trimesters of the gestation and puerperium. 95.5% in the first quarter, 68.8% in the second and 88.8% in the third.
Conclusions: The methods used allowed to identify the main heart disease among pregnant women, ages at which they manifest, as well as complications and the predominance of acquired heart disease over congenital ones.