Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis in a Hysterectomized Patient

Abstract

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is a rare entity of uncertain etiology, characterized by the proliferation of multiple benign nodules in the peritoneal cavity. These nodules are formed by smooth muscle cells, which can simulate peritoneal carcinomatosis. It manifests predominantly in women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives. We report here the case of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, who underwent simple hysterectomy due to uterine myomatosis. Two years after the diagnosis, she presented with an exacerbation of the disease and malignancy was suspected. So exploratory laparotomy was performed. Multiple myomatous nodules were observed, extended by omentum, peritoneum and appendix. All nodules were removed -omentectomy, appendectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. Biopsy confirms the diagnosis of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. As of today, the patient remains asymptomatic after 6 years of follow-up.