Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Nulliparous Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are a modern epidemic and their incidence seems to be increasing. The pregnancies of these patients are classified as high risk pregnancies due to the number of associated complications.
Objective: To describe the maternal and perinatal results in nulliparous overweight and obese pregnant women.
Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 173 women was carried out. These subjects ended their pregnancy at Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Hospital from July 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.
Results: Patients aged between 25 and 34 years (72.9%) and obese type I (42.8%) predominated. The rate of premature births was high (13.3%), as was the rate of cesarean section (42.8%) and the frequency of failed induction (36.1%). The main maternal complications were hypertensive disorders (41.51%) and gestational diabetes (21.04%). A high number of newborns were admitted to neonatal intensive care (36.52%), 24.72% had macrosomia, and 17.9% had respiratory distress.
Conclusions: There was high frequency of maternal and perinatal complications in obese and overweight pregnant women. The work has made it possible to characterize this health problem locally, in addition to laying the foundations for further studies.